Etymology: "Justice"

The Roots of Justice

The term justice has its earliest origins in the Latin word justus, meaning “just” or “fair.” It stems from the broader concept of jus (law or right), which referred to the moral and legal order governing society. From justus came justitia, meaning “righteousness” or “justice,” a word deeply tied to both moral philosophy and legal obligation. Ancient Roman law and philosophy viewed justitia as the ideal state of fairness that ensured harmony between individuals and the state.

From Latin to English Law

As the term evolved, it entered Old French as justice, preserving its connection to moral integrity and lawful conduct. By the Middle English period, the word appeared as iustise or justice, reflecting the gradual blending of French legal language into English after the Norman Conquest. During this time, justice became institutionalised in courts and governance, symbolising not only fairness in judgement but also the authority of the legal system itself.

The Modern Understanding of Justice

In Modern English, justice embodies fairness, moral rightness, and lawfulness. It has become a universal principle across both democratic and judicial systems, often seen as the foundation of social order. Beyond its legal definition, justice carries deep psychological and ethical weight — it represents humanity’s innate desire for balance and moral truth.

Justice Beyond the Law

Today, justice extends beyond courtrooms into human rights, equality, and restorative justice movements. It reflects the continuous struggle between what is lawful and what is right, and how societies redefine fairness as they evolve. From its Latin roots to its modern form, justice remains one of the most enduring symbols of morality, fairness, and the human pursuit of equity.